You can calculate the standard deviational ellipse using either the locations of the features or the locations influenced by an attribute value associated with the features. While you can get a sense of the orientation by drawing the features on a map, calculating the standard deviational ellipse makes the trend clear. The ellipse or ellipsoid allows you to see if the distribution of features is elongated and hence has a particular orientation. In 3D, the standard deviation of the z-coordinates from the mean center are also calculated and the result is referred to as a standard deviational ellipsoid. The ellipse is referred to as the standard deviational ellipse, since the method calculates the standard deviation of the x-coordinates and y-coordinates from the mean center to define the axes of the ellipse. These measures define the axes of an ellipse (or ellipsoid) encompassing the distribution of features. A common way of measuring the trend for a set of points or areas is to calculate the standard distance separately in the x-, y- and z-directions.
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